ASHP vs. GSHP

AT A GLANCE

Rated efficiency values for Air Source Heat Pumps (HSPF and SEER) are calculated based on standard test conditions that often fail to reflect local climate extremes.

To perform an objective comparison against Ground Source systems, engineers must adjust these rated values using climate-specific regressions. This guide provides the coefficients and equations for determining degraded ASHP performance as a function of Outdoor Air Temperature (OAT).

1. HSPF REGRESSION (HEATING)
CALCULATING ADJUSTED HSPF

To determine the heating performance at a specific temperature (OAT), first calculate the difference (Diff) using the quadruple-constant regression:

1) Diff = a + (b × OAT) + (c × OAT²) + (d × Rated HSPF)
2) Adj. HSPF = [1 - (Diff)] × Rated HSPF
HSPF COEFFICIENTS
Rated HSPF Rangeabcd
Rated HSPF < 8.50.1392-0.00846-0.0001070.0228
Rated HSPF ≥ 8.50.1041-0.008862-0.00011530.02817
Example Problem

Variables: OAT = -11°F | Rated HSPF = 8.0
Diff = 0.1392 + (-0.00846 × -11) + (-0.000107 × (-11)²) + (0.0228 × 8) = 0.40171
Adj. HSPF = [1 - 0.40171] × 8 = 4.79

2. SEER REGRESSION (COOLING)
CALCULATING ADJUSTED SEER

Cooling performance degradation is adjusted using a three-constant regression against the rated SEER value:

1) Diff = a + (b × OAT) + (c × Rated SEER)
2) Adj. SEER = [1 - (Diff)] × Rated SEER
SEER COEFFICIENTS
Rated SEER Rangeabc
Rated SEER < 13.5-0.56550.0054140.01039
Rated SEER ≥ 13.5-0.58640.0056680.01029
Example Problem

Variables: OAT = 85°F | Rated SEER = 20.0
Diff = -0.5864 + (0.005668 × 85) + (0.01029 × 20) = 0.10118
Adj. SEER = [1 - 0.10118] × 20 = 17.9

These regressions highlight the "Efficiency Cliff" that occurs when ambient temperatures deviate from nominal test points.